2型糖尿病模型db/db小鼠胰岛B细胞超微结构观察

目的:观察2型糖尿病动物模型-C57BL/KsJ(db/db)小鼠的胰岛B细胞超微结构变化,探讨B细胞的病理改变在2型糖尿病发病中的作用.方法:分别选取3月、5月和8月龄尾静脉空腹血糖高于11.1 mmol/L,且肥胖的db/db自发性糖尿病小鼠,每组5只作为糖尿病组;选取相应年龄段尾静脉空腹血糖低于6.0 mmol/L,体重正常的db/ m表型正常小鼠,每组5只作为对照组.于相应年龄段取胰尾,透射电镜观察胰岛B细胞超微结构.结果:B细胞胞浆内的分泌颗粒数量明显减少,有的细胞甚至缺如,致密芯电子密度降低;线粒体数量减少,肿胀变形,粗面内质网不同程度扩张脱颗粒;细胞核不规则,染色质边集浓染;细胞间髓样小体增多,其严重程度随病情进展逐渐加重.结论:2型糖尿病动物模型db/db小鼠胰岛B细胞存在超微结构的病理改变,严重程度与病情的轻重有关,B细胞功能上的缺陷可能是2型糖尿病的一个重要因素.     

Multiple occult intracranial diseases diverted diagnosis of glioma in a patient

Dizziness is an atypical symptom of the nervous system. Many neurological disorders can manifest as dizziness. When patients have multiple neurological disorders, the most obvious diagnosis is often considered, and diseases that are potentially more deadly are overlooked. Here, we report the case of a man aged in his early 50s with dizziness who was found to have four neurological disorders. A series of treatments failed to resolve the condition. A review of this case highlights that when a patient’s symptoms are not typical, a comprehensive examination and evaluation is required to determine the etiology, and imaging may reveal further minor problems.     

Ursolic acid promotes apoptosis,autophagy, and chemosensitivity in gemcitabine‐resistant human pancreatic cancer cells

Gemcitabine (GEM) resistance in pancreatic adenocarcinoma mediated by the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) has been demonstrated. Therefore, investigating the safety and the potential of new auxiliary methods for pancreatic cancer treatment is urgent. Ursolic acid (UA), a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid found in apple peels, rosemary, and thyme, has been reported to have anticancer capacity. This study aimed to reveal the underlying mechanisms of UA in cell death and drug enhancement, especially in GEM‐resistant pancreatic cancer cells. First, GEM‐resistant cells (MIA Paca‐2^GEMR cells) were established by incrementally increasing GEM culture concentrations. UA treatment reduced cell viability through cell cycle arrest and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, resulting in apoptosis and autophagy in a dose‐dependent manner in MIA Paca‐2 and MIA Paca‐2^GEMR cells. High RAGE expression in MIA Paca‐2^GEMR cells was suppressed by UA treatment. Interestingly, knocking down RAGE expression showed similar UA‐induced effects in both cell lines. Remarkably, UA had a drug‐enhancing effect by decreasing cell viability and increasing cell cytotoxicity when combined with GEM treatment. In conclusions, UA triggered ER stress, subsequently regulating apoptosis‐ and autophagy‐related pathways and increasing GEM chemosensitivity in pancreatic cancer cells by inhibiting the expression of RAGE.     

Apigenin as an anticancer agent

Apigenin is an edible plant‐derived flavonoid that has been reported as an anticancer agent in several experimental and biological studies. It exhibits cell growth arrest and apoptosis in different types of tumors such as breast, lung, liver, skin, blood, colon, prostate, pancreatic, cervical, oral, and stomach, by modulating several signaling pathways. Apigenin induces apoptosis by the activation of extrinsic caspase‐dependent pathway by upregulating the mRNA expressions of caspase‐3, caspase‐8, and TNF‐α. It induces intrinsic apoptosis pathway as evidenced by the induction of cytochrome c, Bax, and caspase‐3, while caspase‐8, TNF‐α, and B‐cell lymphoma 2 levels remained unchanged in human prostate cancer PC‐3 cells. Apigenin treatment leads to significant downregulation of matrix metallopeptidases‐2, ?9, Snail, and Slug, suppressing invasion. The expressions of NF‐κB p105/p50, PI3K, Akt, and the phosphorylation of p‐Akt decreases after treatment with apigenin. However, apigenin‐mediated treatment significantly reduces pluripotency marker Oct3/4 protein expression which might be associated with the downregulation of PI3K/Akt/NF‐κB signaling.     

化毒清湿汤对复杂性肛瘘新型探查术后患者手术创面恢复功效研究

目的:研究化毒清湿汤对于复杂性高位肛瘘新型探查术后患者手术创面恢复及相关细胞因子水平的改善功效。方法: 从接受复杂性肛瘘新型探查术治疗的患者中选取104例纳入本次研究,入选患者随机均分为对照组与治疗组,对照组给予术后常规治疗,治疗组在对照组疗法的同时加用化毒清湿汤治疗,于术后2 d、15 d分别对比两组患者的创面面积、疼痛程度,观察创面愈合时间; 术后28 d评估两组疗效,同时观察两组患者术后2 d、28 d时血清细胞生长因子与炎性因子水平的变化。结果:治疗组总有效率98.08%高于对照组的86.54%(P<0.05); 术后15 d两组创面面积、疼痛VAS评分均有所降低且两组比较治疗组更低; 治疗组创面愈合时间为(23.71±5.57)d,对照组为(30.46±7.92)d,两组比较治疗组更低(P<0.05); 术后28 d两组各项细胞生长因子均有上升,组间比较治疗组更高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05); 术后28 d两组各项炎性因子均有好转,组间比较治疗组更优,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:化毒清湿汤可提高复杂性肛瘘新型探查术临床疗效,加快患者术后后创口愈合速度,进一步改善患者细胞生长因子与炎性因子的表达水平。     

胆胰术后出血的介入治疗

目的探讨介入治疗胆胰术后出血的对策、方法选择和影响疗效的因素。方法对14例胆胰术后出血,分别采用明胶海绵条、钢圈、PVA颗粒进行栓塞或血管加压素局部灌注治疗。结果14例中发现16处病灶,进行了16次治疗。其中3次钢圈栓塞,6次PVA栓塞,2次明胶海绵栓塞,1次PVA 明胶海绵栓塞,4次血管加压素灌注。15次止血成功,1次因吻合口断裂血管加压素灌注止血无效,止血成功率93.8%。结论胆胰术后出血的介入治疗是安全而有效的治疗方法。对靶血管正确的选择栓塞或血管加压素局部灌注治疗是成功的关键。     

Multimodal MRI diagnosis and transvenous embolization of a basicranial emissary vein dural arteriovenous fistula: A case report

A dural arteriovenous fistula(DAVF) is an abnormal linkage connecting the arterial and venous systems within the intracranial dura mater. A basicranial emissary vein DAVF drains into the cavernous sinus and the ophthalmic vein, similar to a cavernous sinus DAVF. Precise preoperative identification of the DAVF location is a prerequisite for appropriate treatment. Treatment options include microsurgical disconnection, endovascular transarterial embolization(TAE), transvenous embolization(TVE), or ...     

胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤患者血清CgA、PKB的水平及其临床意义

目的 探讨胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤患者血清嗜铬粒蛋白A(CgA)、蛋白激酶B(PKB)水平及意义.方法 选取87例胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤患者作为观察组,同时选取健康体检者80例作为对照组,检测血清CgA、PKB水平.结果 观察组血清CgA、PKB水平分别为(140.41±43.02)ng/ml和(1.69±0.15)ng/m...     

血管内栓塞治疗外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘并发症的临床分析

目的 探讨血管内栓塞治疗外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘并发症的防治,以提高血管内栓塞治疗外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘的安全性.方法 回顾性分析血管内栓塞治疗65例外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘,其中采用可脱性球囊58例,铂金微弹簧圈栓塞7例.球囊早脱1例,早泄2例,移位1例;颈内动脉闭塞所引起的脑缺血1例,血栓形成2例,血管痉挛2例,分别进行相应的处理.结果 本组无死亡,一过性神经功能障碍3例,经积极处理后,预后良好.结论 栓塞技术的提高,栓塞材料的改进,术中、术后发生情况的正确处理,有助于降低并发症的发生率.